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1Z0-414 Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 Implementation Essentials
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1Z0-414 exam Dumps Source : Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 Implementation Essentials
Test Code : 1Z0-414
Test denomination : Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 Implementation Essentials
Vendor denomination : Oracle
: 75 actual Questions
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Oracle Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3
Oracle Spotlights ZFS Storage appliance Adoption for Oracle Engineered programs Backup, Unveils ZS3 collection for Backup | killexams.com actual Questions and Pass4sure dumps
REDWOOD SHORES, CA--(Marketwired - Apr 28, 2014) - Oracle ( NYSE : ORCL )
news
summary valued clientele throughout a vast range of geographies and
industries are adopting Oracle ZFS Storage home paraphernalia for
Oracle Engineered programs backup and recovery. With the brand fresh
ZS3 series for backup, Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3-BA, consumers occupy a
pre-configured, pre-racked solution co-engineered with Oracle Database
to give excessive backup and repair performance with sophisticated
efficiency to back meet SLAs. in addition to excessive performance,
ZS3-BA offers 5x lower three-year TCO over EMC facts domain 990(1) for
Oracle Engineered systems facts insurance plan.
news facts
DB
Schenker Rail "as the leading rail freight company in Europe, DB
Schenker Rail requires quick and reputable entry to immense quantities
of statistics. Oracle Exadata Database machine and the Oracle ZFS
Storage paraphernalia has been the correct solution for us, enabling
very quick backup and fix times," said Dominic Marx, Head of company
Intelligence Competence center, DB Schenker Rail. "we occupy been
impressed with excessive compression prices bought the utilize of
Hybrid Columnar Compression with the Oracle Exadata and Oracle ZFS
Storage appliance, and the proven fact that the compression degrees are
maintained by the ZFS Storage equipment, so they know charge and
capability discount rates on excellent of elevated performance."
sanatorium
Alemão Oswaldo Cruz "Hospitals occupy very selected company and IT
requirements such as availability 24 hours a day, seven days per
week. The Oracle ZFS Storage paraphernalia changed into a herbal
alternative for Oracle Exadata Database computing device backup as a
result of its efficient and massive means storage, and it is already
completely integrated with Oracle Exadata," referred to Denis da Costa
Rodrigues, supervisor of assistance technology, medical institution
Alemão Oswaldo Cruz. "As fragment of the answer, they additionally
implemented Oracle dynamic data guard, which extra raises their records
insurance device capabilities. The established Oracle Exadata - ZFS
Storage solution has now not simplest enhanced their potential to bring
exceptional healthcare services, but additionally gives the excessive
availability, agility and data coverage to profit their operations."
SunGard
Availability features "Over the final 5 - 6 years, now they occupy
considered their facts double then triple in dimension, putting actual
stress on their infrastructure," stated Hal Moretto, Director,
enterprise Infrastructure, SunGard Availability capabilities. "the usage
of RMAN and Oracle's ZFS Storage appliance to backup the Oracle Exadata
Database computer, they occupy now been in a position to create
encrypted backups and leverage the InfiniBand connectivity between ZFS
and Exadata to enhance throughput, as well as replicating the backup to
their offsite D/R location to a 2d ZFS storage appliance by route of
storage replication, making that backup set purchasable for offsite
restoration if required."
Oracle's
fresh ZS3 series for Backup complements Engineered techniques
vehement performance, Helps reduce Backup and recovery possibility and
value Over EMC
helping Quote
supporting supplies
About
Oracle Oracle engineers hardware and utility to drudgery collectively
within the cloud and in your data center. For more guidance about Oracle
( NYSE : ORCL ), consult with www.oracle.com.
emblems
Oracle
and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
other names can subsist logos of their respective homeowners.
Footnotes
(1) Three-yr
TCO calculated the usage of non-discounted record expenditures from
publicly purchasable statistics. EMC records region DD990, 12xES30 -
15x2TB SATA 7.2K RPM (supply:
http://www.ironbow.com/Contracts/ContractVechicles/~/media/information/PDFs/Contracts/IronBow_CATALOG_IV.pdf)
with EMC DD990 Replicator (supply:
http://www.pcsuperstore.com/items/11937588-EMC-LREP990.html) and EMC
DD990 VTL contains 2 x PCiE cards, DP, DG (source:
http://www.emc.com/microsites/stateofmsepl3658/pdf/EPL_Price_List_-_2013-09.pdf)
Oracle ZFS Storage appliance system overview | killexams.com actual Questions and Pass4sure dumps
The Oracle ZFS Storage appliance is designed for mid-tier NAS environments. the line has two products, the ZS3-2...and ZS4-4, that occupy variable setup alternate options and a wide range of configurations. Oracle ZFS products aid mechanical challenging disk drives (HDDs) for information, and flash-based mostly strong-state drives (SSDs) for metadata and write acceleration.
The Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3-2 matches up to 184 serial-connected SCSI (SAS) HDDs in capacities of 300 GB, 900 GB and four TB, for a optimum 736 TB of storage per unique node. Drives are arranged in 24-slot disk cabinets. in contrast to many NAS arrays, the Oracle ZFS Storage appliance doesn't profit statistics SSDs. in its place, Oracle carried out a memory means of 1 TB per node, a read twinkle cache capacity of 12.eight TB and 28 TB of write twinkle the utilize of write accelerators. Write accelerators are drives that maintain the contents of the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). products back 1.6 TB SSDs for the read cache and 300 GB SSDs for the write accelerators.
The ZS3-2 helps up to four write twinkle accelerators per disk shelf. it can occupy 4 or eight 10 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) Base-T ports depending on configuration. It runs on up to 4 eight-core Intel Xeon processors, and nodes may too subsist clustered as excessive as three.1 PB.
Write operations to ZFS Storage drives are atomic, which means they are either carried out completely or now not at all.
The Oracle ZFS Storage ZS4-4 suits as much as 544 SAS HDDs in capacities of 900 GB and 4 TB, for a optimum 2.1 PB of storage per unique node. Drives are organized in 24-slot disk enclosures, with aid for as much as 4 write accelerators per enclosure. The array can occupy as much as eight 10 GbE Base-T ports, and runs on eight 15-core Intel Xeon processors and as much as three TB of memory. ZS4-4 nodes will too subsist clustered as excessive as 6.9 PB.
ZIL is an intent logging characteristic designed to raise statistics availability on ZFS systems. Write operations to ZFS Storage drives are atomic, that means they are either performed absolutely or now not in any respect. A list of each operation -- accepted because the "intent to operate" -- is logged to the ZIL earlier than it occurs. in the adventure of a power failure, the gadget will study the intent log to become vigilant of which operations had been in routine when the failure took residence and either revert or redo them. The ZIL is saved on flash-based mostly SSDs, presenting sooner write efficiency than if it changed into written to mechanical HDDs.
in addition to ZIL, the Oracle ZFS Storage paraphernalia includes software for storage administration, monitoring and encryption. The ZFS Storage utility has elements akin to thin provisioning, monitoring and analytics, aid for iSCSI and Fibre Channel interconnects, and replication within local ZFS Storage clusters. additional application will too subsist licensed one by one for far off replication, AES 256-/192-/128-bit encryption and database backup. The ZFS Storage paraphernalia is tuned to drudgery with Oracle databases, and its software comprises the Snap management Utility for Oracle Database and the Oracle commercial enterprise manager Plug-in for Oracle ZFS Storage appliance.
Pricing for the Oracle ZFS Storage paraphernalia depends upon configuration. Pricing for the ZS3-2 model degrees from $35,600 to $314,600, while the charge of the ZS4-4 is between $one hundred thirty five,600 and $988,900. entire ZFS Storage items involve a one-yr restrained hardware warranty with cell aid entire through autochthonous enterprise hours. Response instances are tiered by severity: Severity 1 has a 4-hour response time, Severity 2 has an eight-hour response time and Severity three has a subsequent-enterprise-day response. An optional premier assurance gives 24/7 technical aid and two-hour on-site support. Oracle's advanced assist kit gives extra points comparable to 24/7 monitoring, device installation and support.
New Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3-BA Proves top of the line for Backing Up and Restoring Oracle’s Engineered methods | killexams.com actual Questions and Pass4sure dumps
Mar 3, 2014conserving helpful enterprise tips has become extra faultfinding than ever as information continues to grow through 40 to 50 % per year, by means of some estimates. IT managers countenance a predicament: a route to comprehensive backup and restoration operations within shrinking windows of time while too cutting back complexity, possibility, and price.
When it comes to preserving statistics stored in Oracle’s engineered methods, the lately introduced Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 addresses these challenges with excessive-performance streaming throughput and taut integration with Oracle Database it really is unavailable to competitors. Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3-BA enhances the ascetic performance of Oracle’s engineered programs, including Oracle Exadata Database computing device and Oracle SuperCluster, and gives pleasing functionality via
furthermore, Oracle ZFS Storage home paraphernalia aid crop back the possibility of failed restores by route of enhancing availability with dual controllers, predictive self-healing aspects, and a fault-administration architecture that immediately detects and diagnoses underlying issues. To ease management complexity, Oracle ZFS Storage appliance’s DTrace Analytics function provides an intuitive graphical consumer interface with which to monitor and prerogative away unravel performance bottlenecks entire the route through backup and fix operations.
Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 is equally effectual for Oracle Database installations operating on Oracle SPARC T5, M5, and M6 systems, as well as non-Oracle servers.
Get greater details about Oracle ZFS Storage appliances and register for an Oracle webcast that discusses backup and restoration for Oracle’s engineered systems
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Protecting valuable business information has become more well-known than ever as data continues to grow by 40 to 50 percent per year, by some estimates. IT managers countenance a dilemma: how to complete backup and restore operations within shrinking windows of time while too reducing complexity, risk, and cost.
When it comes to protecting data stored in Oracle’s engineered systems, the recently announced Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 addresses these challenges with high-performance streaming throughput and taut integration with Oracle Database that is unavailable to competitors. Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3-BA complements the extreme performance of Oracle’s engineered systems, including Oracle Exadata Database Machine and Oracle SuperCluster, and provides unique functionality by
Delivering direct high-speed InfiniBand connectivity
Maintaining Oracle Recovery Manager best practices without the need
for risky and costly third-party backup software agents, servers, and
skill-sets
Providing co-engineered solutions such as Oracle Hybrid Columnar
Compression that reduce data and enlarge performance throughput
Pre-racked, pre-configured and leverages Oracle’s exclusive Engineered Systems Backup Utility to accelerate implementation
“Enterprises occupy shorter windows of time in which to complete
backup and restore operations, which makes elevated performance
essential,” says Kerstin Woods, Oracle Senior Principal Product
Marketing Director. “At the selfsame time, these operations must
subsist easy to implement and reliable, to assure that essential data is
readily available if a failure occurs. Oracle’s ZFS Storage ZS3 ensures
that faultfinding service-level agreements are met and streamlines
operations for greater IT productivity.”
In addition, Oracle ZFS Storage Appliances profit reduce the risk of failed restores by enhancing availability with dual controllers, predictive self-healing features, and a fault-management architecture that automatically detects and diagnoses underlying problems. To ease management complexity, Oracle ZFS Storage Appliance’s DTrace Analytics feature provides an intuitive graphical user interface with which to monitor and quickly resolve performance bottlenecks during backup and restore operations.
Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 is equally effectual for Oracle Database installations running on Oracle SPARC T5, M5, and M6 systems, as well as non-Oracle servers.
Get more details about Oracle ZFS Storage Appliances and register for an Oracle webcast that discusses backup and restore for Oracle’s engineered systems
better than hybrid storage arrays that merge twinkle with spinning disk?
Comparing technology systems has traditionally relied on a "price-to-performance" analysis that tries to normalize system differences into an apples-to-apples comparison. With respect to storage, the advent of twinkle (solid-state) drives created a situation where IT buyers had to settle between charge and performance. twinkle storage offered blazing speeds, but at a very elevated cost per gigabyte ($/GB). At the other intermission of the spectrum, multi-terabyte hard disk drives (HDDs) are very economical, but with just around 75 raw IOPS per drive there better not subsist much drudgery in the workload if that's where your data is located.
HDDs occupy an edge in $/GB, while twinkle has an edge in $/IOPS.
Hybrid arrays are intended to balance that equation. By adding a thin slice of twinkle storage to an array (i.e., 2% to 5% of total capacity), available IOPS may double and reduce read latency from 10+ milliseconds (ms) down to 3 ms to 5 ms. Even though the twinkle is expensive by itself, an overall 10% to 20% enlarge in array charge to yield a 2X performance gain adds a lot of bang to the buck.
As apt as 3 ms to 5 ms latency sounds, for an increasing number of applications this variability is unacceptable. All-flash arrays can deliver sub-millisecond read latency with a guaranteed attribute of service (QoS). There are no pre-fetch issues with twinkle and no variability between a cached read and a hunt because on twinkle entire I/Os are effectively cache reads. To do it in perspective, improving from 10 ms to 5 ms and then down to 0.5 ms is a 20X performance gain from HDD to all-flash on a latency basis. Although the incompatibility between HDD prices and twinkle has narrowed considerably, most organizations noiseless don't occupy the budget to deploy hundreds of terabytes of it. So, if deploying twinkle technology judiciously is well-known to an organization, knowing where the breakpoints between hybrid and all-flash are will profit managers to produce the best decision.
![Selecting hybrid and all-flash arrays]()
Price/performance of hybrid storage arrays vs. all-flash arrays
With price-to-performance being the major consideration in storage
purchases, let's examine those two areas first. When it comes to cost,
it's an industry truism that the purchase charge is approximately 20%
of the three-year cost of ownership for conventional HDD arrays.
All-flash storage arrays crash this model, however, partly because the
purchase charge goes up but operating costs travel down. For example,
Nimbus Data, a maker of all-flash arrays, estimates that its arrays
utilize just 8 watts per TB, whereas HDD arrays may utilize 80 watts
per TB. Moreover, Nimbus advises that users can fully populate a rack
with usable space and gain up to 90% utilization without performance
degradation. This offers the potential for less floor space, cooling and
power per TB of storage. High-capacity SATA drives offer gigabyte
density, but won't meet even moderate IOPS or latency requirements.
Given that twinkle is following the downward curve of cache memory,
it's well worth the time to compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) of
all-flash and hybrid storage systems.
Hewlett-Packard (HP) Co. offers a different perspective on cost metrics: $/transaction. This metric is reflective of the true business cost, whereas $/GB and $/IOPS reflect purchase cost only. The $/transaction metric can subsist applied irrespective of media type, making a "non-denominational" comparison between techs. High-transaction workloads may actually espy a lower $/transaction on all-flash arrays, whereas lower transaction environments may occupy a lower $/transaction on hybrid storage arrays. Either way, the result is calculable and definitive.
Although it may subsist considered a "soft" cost, IT managers should factor in the value of the user's experience. Justifiably or not, if users perceive an application to subsist slow, they're more likely to occupy a negative perception of the IT organization or provider. It's a bit relish the adage that when airline passengers find coffee stains on their tray tables, they question the attribute of engine maintenance. It may therefore produce sense to disburse a few extra dollars to better the user's perception of quality, especially in this era of IT outsourcing.
Deduplication and compression are staples of nearly entire storage systems and are frequently used to generate a $/GB motif that's much more favorable than those based on raw capacity. However, a cautionary note is in order. Increasingly, deduplication and single-instance storage (SIS) are taking residence at the OS and application layers (i.e., VMware and SIS products for Exchange). Deduplication and compression can't occur twice on the selfsame data, so storage managers may espy less reduction than they anticipate as dedupe moves up the stack.
For the purposes of commercial computing applications, storage performance has been entire about IOPS until very recently. Perhaps this was because storage arrays inherently couldn't guarantee a specific QoS. All-flash arrays change that game, and SolidFire promotes its twinkle arrays squarely as storage QoS delivery vehicles. SolidFire allows IOPS to subsist provisioned on a per-volume basis with minimum, maximum and burst parameters. This throttling, along with dynamic adjustment, gives storage managers an additional mechanism for precisely delivering performance where it's needed. SolidFire too suggests that guaranteed QoS solves the "noisy neighbor" problem. For example, in a typical hybrid array, applications may compete for the twinkle tier of storage based on data access, resulting in oversubscribed twinkle and sub-optimal performance for entire applications. Allocating IOPS to each application specifically solves this problem.
Either or both? Established vendors occupy extended their traditional HDD products to embrace twinkle technology, often with hybrid devices and all-flash units. IBM, EMC Corp., NetApp Inc. and HP each offer an "all of the above" portfolio, though the specific implementations disagree in well-known ways.
IBM has extended its SAN Volume Controller (SVC) virtualization capability to manage "fit for purpose" all-flash devices such as the FlashSystem family or hybrid arrays in its XIV Storage System, Storwize and DS product lines. Because entire devices can subsist managed through SVC, IBM extends the concept of hybrid to not only arrays, but the enterprise storage ecosystem. The intent is to allow ultimate flexibility in deploying both combinations of media, as well as combinations of arrays for scale and performance where needed.
EMC's VMAX can virtualize hybrid and all-flash systems into a unique ecosystem. Its VMAX, VNX, VNXe and Isilon products can too subsist configured as either hybrid or all-flash. Thus, users can enter at any point and evolve the solution as requirements change over time. In addition, the company's XtremIO arrays offer an all-flash solution from the ground up. Because it doesn't necessarily occupy to part its hybrid and all-flash offerings, EMC views the market more horizontally. That is, it can offer traditional HDD arrays to the more budget-conscious buyer, hybrid configurations to those needing more performance and all-flash for situations that require guaranteed QoS. Which product line will subsist recommended is determined by Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS) requirements, with customers needing up to "six nines" of availability choosing VMAX, regardless of hybrid or all-flash provisioning.
HP's 3PAR similarly offers everything from all-HDD to hybrid to twinkle configurations, but with some appealing wrinkles. HP offers both single-level cell and multi-level cell twinkle in the selfsame arrays. The company recommends using the caching layer for writes and the twinkle tier for reads. This builds upon its Adaptive Optimization software that enables sub-LUN tiering. 3PAR's OS has a built-in clustered volume manager and virtual memory implementation that seamlessly virtualizes entire media types, including fresh media.
NetApp offers twinkle across its entire portfolio of FAS, V-series and E-series arrays; the EF540 is an all-flash system. NetApp usually recommends twinkle Pools in its arrays with 1% to 2% of total capacity in flash. The company suggests that typical workloads, such as email, Web serving, app dev and collaboration are best served with hybrid configurations. In these utilize cases, workloads require less than 150,000 IOPS and can tolerate 3 ms to 5 ms of latency. For higher IOPS workloads or where QoS demands sub-ms latency, all-flash is prescribed.
Oracle's ZFS Storage ZS3 are hybrid arrays, but the company says users may gain up to a 90% data hit rate using its flash/DRAM architecture and sub-ms latency on those reads. Moreover, the company touts a significant cost edge over competitive all-flash systems. Thus, users may gain near all-flash performance at a hybrid price. Oracle's Hybrid Storage Pool dynamically and automatically moves data across DRAM, read-flash and write-flash to optimize array performance.
RAID considerations Flash devices need to subsist protected by RAID just relish any other storage media. Although most vendors back conventional RAID techniques for flash, RAID utilize can extract a charge in capacity terms as well as processing overhead just as it does for HDDs. IBM addresses this issue with "variable stripe RAID" in its FlashSystem technology where RAID 5 is built into the twinkle controller. The result is parity-based RAID at line accelerate with the workload distributed across controllers. NetApp deploys Dynamic Disk Pools in its SANtricity (E-series) software that distributes data, parity and spare capacity across drives. NetApp claims this speeds recovery of failed drives while maintaining greater performance. Nimbus uses a RAID 5 algorithm designed to avoid the wear penalty associated with writing to flash.
Some agreement on guidelines Despite differences in architectures, the vendors generally disagree on some hybrid vs. all-flash guidelines. First, if sub-ms or guaranteed QoS is required, then all-flash arrays are the route to go. Or, in the case of Oracle, a hybrid that can deliver near all-flash performance. QoS application candidates involve e-commerce where user suffer is paramount and determination back analysis where time is of the essence. Second, if variable and unpredictable workloads are to subsist serviced, hybrid devices can often serve the need at a lower $/GB. Nimbus, SolidFire and other all-flash vendors may occupy different answers to this rule of thumb that achieve indeed occupy appealing price/performance characteristics and may occupy a $/IOPS advantage. Application candidates in this region involve collaboration, email and anything where data lifecycle issues express that not entire data requires immediate access.
7.2.1 What Is OpenStack? OpenStack is a community-based open-source project to configuration a comprehensive management layer to create and manage private clouds. This project was first undertaken as a joint effort of Rackspace and NASA in 2010, but is now driven by the OpenStack Foundation. Since 2010, OpenStack has been the fastest-growing open-source project on a worldwide basis, with thousands of commercial and individual contributors spread across the globe. The community launches two OpenStack releases per year.
OpenStack can subsist considered an operating system for cloud environments. It provides the foundation for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds. Some fresh modules add features required in Platform as a Service (PaaS) clouds. OpenStack should not subsist viewed as layered software, however, but rather as an integrated infrastructure component. Thus, although the OpenStack community launches OpenStack releases, infrastructure vendors must integrate the open-source components into their own platforms to deliver the OpenStack functionality. Several operating system, network, and storage vendors offer OpenStack-enabled products.
OpenStack abstracts compute, network, and storage resources for the user, with those resources being exposed through a web portal with a unique management pane. This integrated approach enables administrators to easily manage a variety of storage devices and hypervisors. The cloud services are based on a series of OpenStack modules, which communicate through a defined RESTful API between the various modules.
If a vendor plans to offer back for positive OpenStack services in its products, it must implement the functionality of those services and provide access to the functionality through the comfort APIs. This can subsist done by delivering a service plugin, specialized for the product, that fills the gap between the comfort API definition and the existing product feature.
7.2.2 The OpenStack universal Architecture Figure 7.3 depicts the universal architecture of an OpenStack deployment. It consists of services provided by the OpenStack framework, and compute nodes that consume those services. This section describes those services.
Several OpenStack services are used to configuration an OpenStack-based private cloud. The services are interconnected via the comfort APIs and depend on each other. But not entire services are always needed to configuration a cloud, however, and not every vendor delivers entire services. Some services occupy a special purpose and are configured only when appropriate; others are always needed when setting up a private cloud.
Because of the clearly defined comfort APIs, services are extensible. The following list summarizes the core service modules.
Cinder (block storage): Provides obscure storage for OpenStack
compute instances and manages the creation, attaching, and detaching of
obscure devices to OpenStack instances.
Glance (images): Provides discovery, registration, and delivery
services for disk and server images. The stored images can subsist used
as templates for the deployment of VEs.
Heat (orchestration): Enables the orchestration of complete application stacks, based on heat templates.
Horizon (dashboard): Provides the dashboard management utensil to
access and provision cloud-based resources from a browser-based
interface.
Ironic (bare-metal provisioning): Used to provision bare-metal OpenStack guests, such as physical nodes.
Keystone (authentication and authorization): Provides authentication
and high-level authorization for the cloud and between cloud services.
It consists of a central directory of users mapped to those cloud
services they can access.
Manila (shared file system): Allows the OpenStack instances to access shared file systems in the cloud.
Neutron (network): Manages software-defined network services such as
networks, routers, switches, and IP addresses to back multitenancy.
Nova (compute): The primary service that provides the provisioning of
virtual compute environments based on user requirement and available
resources.
Swift (object storage): A redundant and scalable storage system, with
objects and files stored and managed on disk drives across multiple
servers.
Trove (database as a service): Allows users to quickly provision and
manage multiple database instances without the cross of handling
complex administrative tasks.
7.2.3 Oracle Solaris and OpenStack
Oracle Solaris 11 includes a replete distribution of OpenStack as a
standard, supported fragment of the platform. The first such release
was Oracle Solaris 11.2, which integrated the Havana OpenStack release.
The Juno release was integrated into Oracle Solaris 11.2 back
Repository Update (SRU) 6. In Solaris 11.3 SRU 9, the integrated
OpenStack software was updated to the Kilo release.
OpenStack services occupy been tightly integrated into the technology foundations of Oracle Solaris. The integration of OpenStack and Solaris leveraged many fresh Solaris features that had been designed specifically for cloud environments. Some of the Solaris features integrated into OpenStack include:
Solaris Zones driver integration with Nova to deploy Oracle Solaris Zones and Solaris Kernel Zones
Neutron driver integration with Oracle Solaris network virtualization, including Elastic Virtual Switch
Cinder driver integration with the ZFS file system
Unified Archives integration with Glance image management and Heat orchestration
Bare-metal provisioning implementation using the Oracle Solaris Automated Installer (AI)
Figure 7.4 shows the OpenStack services implemented in Oracle Solaris and the related supporting Oracle Solaris features.
All services occupy been integrated into the Solaris Service Management Framework (SMF) to ensure service reliability, automatic service restart, and node dependency management. SMF properties enable additional configuration options. Oracle Solaris Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) ensures that the OpenStack services, represented by their corresponding SMF services, rush with minimal privileges.
The OpenStack modules are delivered in part Oracle Solaris packages, as shown in this specimen generated in Solaris 11.3:
# pkg list -af | grep openstack cloud/openstack 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/cinder 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/glance 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/heat 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/horizon 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/ironic 0.2015.2.1-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/keystone 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/neutron 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/nova 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/openstack-common 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/swift 2.3.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- To easily install the total OpenStack distribution on a system, the cloud/openstack group package may subsist installed. It automatically installs entire of the relative OpenStack modules and libraries, plus additional packages such as rad, rabbitmq, and mysql.
The integration of OpenStack with the Solaris Image Packaging System (IPS) greatly simplifies updates of OpenStack on a cloud node, through the utilize of replete package dependency checking and rollback. This was accomplished through integration with ZFS boot environments. Through a unique update mechanism, an administrator can easily apply the latest software fixes to a system, including the virtual environments.
7.2.4 Compute Virtualization with Solaris Zones and Solaris Kernel Zones Oracle Solaris Zones and Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones are used for OpenStack compute functionality. They provide excellent environments for application workloads and are fleet and easy to provision in a cloud environment.
The life cycle of Solaris Zones as compute instances in an OpenStack cloud is controlled by the Solaris Nova driver for Solaris Zones. The instances are deployed by using the Nova command-line interface or by using the Horizon dashboard. To launch an instance, the cloud user selects a flavor, a Glance image, and a Neutron network. Figures 7.5 and 7.6 prove the flavors available with Oracle Solaris OpenStack and the launch screen for an OpenStack instance.
Figure 7.6 OpenStack Instance Launch Screen
Oracle Solaris options specify the creation of a Solaris autochthonous zone or a Solaris kernel zone. Those special properties are assigned as extra_specs, which are typically set through the command line. The property’s keys comprise a set of zone properties that are typically configured with the zonecfg command and that are supported in OpenStack.
The following keys are supported in both kernel zones and non-global zone flavors:
zonecfg:bootargs
zonecfg:brand
zonecfg:hostid
zonecfg:cpu-arch
The following keys are supported only in non-global zone flavors:
zonecfg:file-mac-profile
zonecfg:fs-allowed
zonecfg:limitpriv
The list of current flavors can subsist displayed on the command line:
+----+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ID | denomination | extra_specs | +----+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - tiny | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 10 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - xlarge | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 2 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - wee | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 3 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - medium | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 4 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - great | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 5 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - xlarge | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 6 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - tiny | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 7 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - wee | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 8 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - medium | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 9 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - great | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | The sc_profile key can subsist modified only from the command line. This key is used to specify a system configuration profile for the flavor—for example, to preassign DNS or other system configurations to each flavor. For example, the following command will set a specific system configuration file for a flavor in the previously given list (i.e., “Oracle Solaris kernel zone – large”):
$ nova flavor-key 4 set sc_profile=/system/volatile/profile/sc_profile.xml Launching an instance initiates the following actions in an OpenStack environment:
The Nova scheduler selects a compute node in the cloud, based on the
selected flavor, that meets the hypervisor type, architecture, number of
VCPUs, and RAM requirements.
On the chosen compute node, the Solaris Nova implementation will send
a request to Cinder to find suitable storage in the cloud that can
subsist used for the fresh instance’s root file system. It then
triggers the creation of a volume in that storage. Additionally, Nova
obtains networking information and a network port in the selected
network for an instance, by communicating with the Neutron service.
The Cinder volume service delegates the volume creation to the
storage device, receives the related Storage Unified Resource Identifier
(SURI), and communicates that SURI back to the selected compute node.
Typically this volume will reside on a different system from the compute
node and will subsist accessed by the instance using shared storage
such as FibreChannel, iSCSI, or NFS.
The Neutron service assigns a Neutron network port to the instance,
based on the cloud networking configuration. entire instances
instantiated by the compute service utilize an exclusive IP stack
instance. Each instance includes an anet resource with its
configure-allowed-address property set to false, and its evs and vport
properties set to UUIDs supplied by Neutron that represent a particular
virtualized switch segment and port.
After the Solaris Zone and OpenStack resources occupy been
configured, the zone is installed and booted, based on the assigned
Glance image. This uses Solaris Unified Archives.
The following specimen shows a Solaris Zones configuration file,
created by OpenStack for an iSCSI Cinder volume as boot volume:
compute-node # zonecfg -z instance-00000008 info zonename: instance-00000008 brand: solaris tenant: 740885068ed745c492e55c9e1c688472 anet: linkname: net0 configure-allowed-address: false evs: a6365a98-7be1-42ec-88af-b84fa151b5a0 vport: 8292e26a-5063-4bbb-87aa-7f3d51ff75c0 rootzpool: storage: iscsi://st01-sn:3260/target.iqn.1986-03.com.sun:02:... capped-cpu: [ncpus: 1.00] capped-memory: [swap: 1G] rctl: name: zone.cpu-cap value: (priv=privileged,limit=100,action=deny) rctl: name: zone.max-swap value: (priv=privileged,limit=1073741824,action=deny) 7.2.5 Cloud Networking with Elastic Virtual Switch OpenStack networking creates virtual networks that interconnect VEs instantiated by the OpenStack compute node (Nova). It too connects these VEs to network services in the cloud, such as DHCP and routing. Neutron provides APIs to create and utilize multiple networks and to apportion multiple VEs to networks, which are themselves assigned to different tenants. Each network tenant is represented in the network layer via an isolated Layer 2 network segment—comparable to VLANs in physical networks. motif 7.7 shows the relationships among these components.
Subnets are properties that are assigned much relish blocks of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses—that is, default-router or nameserver. Neutron creates ports in these subnets and assigns them together with several properties to virtual machines. The L3-router functionality of Neutron interconnects tenant networks to external networks and enables VEs to access the Internet through source NAT. Floating IP addresses create a static one-to-one mapping from a public IP address on the external network to a private IP address in the cloud, assigned to one VE.
Oracle Solaris Zones and Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones, as OpenStack instances, utilize the Solaris VNIC technology to connect to the tenant networks. entire VNICs are bound with virtual network switches to physical network interfaces. If multiple tenants utilize one physical interface, then multiple virtual switches are created above that physical interface.
If multiple compute nodes occupy been deployed in one cloud and multiple tenants are used, virtual switches from the selfsame tenant are spread over multiple compute nodes, as shown in motif 7.8.
A technology is needed to control these distributed switches as one switch. The virtual networks can subsist created by, for example, VXLAN or VLAN. In the case of Oracle Solaris, the Solaris Elastic Virtual Switch (EVS) feature is used to control the distributed virtual switches. The back-end to OpenStack uses a Neutron plugin.
Finally, EVS is controlled by a Neutron plugin so that it offers an API to the cloud. In each compute node, the virtual switches are controlled by an EVS plugin to configuration a distributed switch for multiple tenants.
7.2.6 Cloud Storage with ZFS and COMSTAR The OpenStack Cinder service provides central management for obscure storage volumes as boot storage and for application data. To create a volume, the Cinder scheduler selects a storage back-end, based on storage size and storage nature requirements, and the Cinder volume service controls the volume creation. The Cinder API then sends the necessary access information back to the cloud.
Different types of storage can subsist used to provide storage to the cloud, such as FibreChannel, iSCSI, NFS, or the local disks of the compute nodes. The nature used depends on the storage requirements. These requirements involve characteristics such as capacity, throughput, latency and availability, and requirements for local storage or shared storage. Shared storage is required if migration of OpenStack instances between compute nodes is needed. Local storage may often subsist enough for short-term, ephemeral data. The cloud user is not vigilant of the storage technology that has been chosen, because the Cinder volume service represents the storage simply as a nature of storage, not as a specific storage product model.
The Cinder volume service is configured to utilize an OpenStack storage plugin, which knows the specifics of a storage device. specimen characteristics involve the routine to create a Cinder volume, and a routine to access the data.
Multiple Cinder storage plugins are available for Oracle Solaris, which are based on ZFS to provide volumes to the OpenStack instances:
The ZFSVolumeDriver supports the creation of local volumes for
utilize by Nova on the selfsame node as the Cinder volume service. This
routine is typically applied when using the local disks in compute
nodes.
The ZFSISCSIDriver and the ZFSFCDriver back the creation and export
of iSCSI and FC targets, respectively, for utilize by remote Nova
compute nodes. COMSTAR allows any Oracle Solaris host to become a
storage server, serving obscure storage via iSCSI or FC.
The ZFSSAISCSIDriver supports the creation and export of iSCSI
targets from a remote Oracle ZFS Storage Appliance for utilize by
remote Nova compute nodes.
In addition, other storage plugins can subsist configured in the
Cinder volume service, if the storage vendor has provided the arrogate
Cinder storage plugin. For example, the OracleFSFibreChannelDriver
enables Oracle FS1 storage to subsist used in OpenStack clouds to
provide FibreChannel volumes.
7.2.7 Sample Deployment Options The functional enablement of Oracle Solaris for OpenStack is based on two main precepts. The first aspect is the availability and back of the OpenStack API with various software libraries and plugins in Oracle Solaris. The second aspect is the creation and integration of OpenStack plugins to enable specific Oracle Solaris functions in OpenStack. As discussed earlier, those plugins occupy been developed and provided for Cinder, Neutron, and Nova, as well as for Ironic.
Deploying an OpenStack-based private cloud with OpenStack for Oracle Solaris is similar to the setup of other OpenStack-based platforms.
The design and setup of the hardware platform (server systems,
network and storage) for the cloud are very important. observant design
pays off during the configuration and production phases for the cloud.
Oracle Solaris must subsist installed on the server systems. The
installation of Oracle Solaris OpenStack packages can occur with
installation of Solaris—a process that can subsist automated with the
Solaris Automated Installer.
After choosing between the storage options, the storage node is installed and integrated into the cloud.
The various OpenStack modules must subsist configured with their
configuration files, yielding a replete functional IaaS private cloud
with OpenStack. The OpenStack configuration files are located in the
/etc/[cinder, neutron, nova, ..] directories. The final step is the
activation of the related SMF services with their dependencies.
The design of the hardware platform is too very important. Besides
OpenStack, a universal cloud architecture to subsist managed by
OpenStack includes these required parts:
One or multiple compute nodes for the workload.
A cloud network to host the analytic network internal to the cloud.
Those networks link together network ports of the instances, which
together configuration one network broadcast domain. This internal
analytic network is typically composed with VxLAN or tagged VLAN
technology.
Storage resources to boot the OpenStack instances and maintain application data persistent.
A storage network, if shared storage is used, to connect the shared storage with the compute nodes.
An internal control network, used by the OpenStack API’s internal
messages and to drive the compute, network, and storage parts of the
cloud; this network can too subsist used to manage, install, and
monitor entire cloud nodes.
A cloud control part, which runs the various OpenStack control
services for the OpenStack cloud relish the Cinder and Nova scheduler,
the Cinder volume service, the MySQL management database, or the
RabbitMQ messaging service.
Figure 7.9 shows a universal OpenStack cloud, based on a multinode
architecture with multiple compute nodes, shared storage, isolated
networks and controlled cloud access through a centralized network node.
7.2.8 Single-System Prototype Environment You can demonstrate an OpenStack environment in a unique system. In this case, a unique network is used, or multiple networks are created using etherstubs, to configuration the internal network of the cloud. “Compute nodes” can then subsist instantiated as kernel zones. However, if you utilize kernel zones as compute nodes, then OpenStack instances can subsist only non-global zones. This selection does not permit application of several features, including Nova migration. This single-node setup can subsist implemented very easily with Oracle Solaris, using a Unified Archive of a comprehensive OpenStack installation.
Such single-system setups are typically implemented so that users can become intimate with OpenStack or to create very wee prototypes. Almost entire production deployments will utilize multiple computers to achieve the availability goals of a cloud.
There is one exception to this guideline: A SPARC system running Oracle Solaris (e.g., SPARC T7-4) can subsist configured as a multinode environment, using multiple analytic domains, connected with internal virtual networks. The result is noiseless a unique physical system, which includes multiple isolated Solaris instances, but is represented relish a multinode cloud.
7.2.9 Simple Multinode Environment Creating a multinode OpenStack cloud increases the choices available in entire parts of the universal cloud architecture. The architect makes the determination between one unified network or part networks when choosing the design for the cloud network, the internal network, and the storage network. Alternatively, those networks might not subsist unique networks, but rather networks with redundancy features such as IPMP, DLMP, LACP, or MPXIO. entire of these technologies are fragment of Oracle Solaris and can subsist selected to create the network architecture of the cloud.
Another well-known determination to subsist made is how to connect the cloud to the public or corporate network. The universal architecture described earlier shows a controlled cloud access through a centralized network node. While this setup enforces centralized access to the cloud via a network node, it can too lead to complicated availability or throughput limitations. An alternative setup is a flat cloud, shown in motif 7.10, in which the compute nodes are directly connected to the public network, so that no unique access point limits throughput or availability. It is the responsibility of the cloud architect to settle which option is the most arrogate choice.
For the compute nodes, the determination can subsist made between SPARC nodes (SPARC T5, T7, S7, M7, or M10 servers), x86_64 nodes, or a mixed-node cloud that combines both architectures. Oracle Solaris OpenStack will wield both processor architectures in one cloud. Typically, compute nodes with 1 or 2 sockets with medium memory capacity (512 GB) are chosen. More generally, by using SPARC systems, compute nodes ranging from very wee to very great in size can subsist combined in one cloud without any special configuration efforts.
The cloud storage is typically shared storage. In a shared storage architecture, disks storing the running instances are located outside the compute nodes. Cloud instances can then subsist easily recovered with migration or evacuation, in case of compute node downtime. Using shared storage is operationally simple because having part compute hosts and storage makes the compute nodes “stateless.” Thus, if there are no instances running on a compute node, that node can subsist taken offline and its contents erased completely without affecting the remaining parts of the cloud. This nature of storage can subsist scaled to any amount of storage. Storage decisions can subsist made based on performance, cost, and availability. Among the choices are an Oracle ZFS storage appliance, shared storage through a Solaris node as iSCSI or FC target server, or shared storage through a FibreChannel SAN storage system.
To utilize local storage, each compute node’s internal disks store entire data of the instances that the node hosts. Direct access to disks is very cost-effective, because there is no need to maintain a part storage network. The disk performance on each compute node is directly related to the number and performance of existing local disks. The chassis size of the compute node will circumscribe the number of spindles able to subsist used in a compute node. However, if a compute node fails, the instances on it cannot subsist recovered. Also, there is no routine to migrate instances. This omission can subsist a major issue for cloud services that create persistent data. Other cloud services, however, discharge processing services without storing any local data, in which case no local persistent data is created.
The cloud control plane, implemented as an OpenStack controller, can consist of one or more systems. With Oracle Solaris, typically the OpenStack controller is created in kernel zones for modular setups. Scalability on the controller site can then subsist achieved just by adding another kernel zone. The OpenStack control services can entire subsist combined in one kernel zone. For scalability and reliability reasons, the services can subsist grouped into part kernel zones, providing the following services:
7.2.10 OpenStack Summary Running OpenStack on Oracle Solaris provides many advantages. A complete OpenStack distribution is fragment of the Oracle Solaris Repository and, therefore, is available for Oracle Solaris without any additional cost. The taut integration of the comprehensive virtualization features for compute and networking—Solaris Zones, virtual NICs and switches, and the Elastic Virtual Switch—in Oracle Solaris provide significant value not establish in other OpenStack implementations. The integration of OpenStack with Oracle Solaris leverages the Image Packaging System, ZFS boot environments, and the Service Management Facility. As a consequence, an administrator can quickly start an update of the cloud environment, and can quickly update each service and node in a unique operation.
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Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 Implementation Essentials
New Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3-BA Proves exemplar for Backing Up and Restoring Oracle’s Engineered Systems | killexams.com actual questions and Pass4sure dumps
Mar 3, 2014Protecting valuable business information has become more well-known than ever as data continues to grow by 40 to 50 percent per year, by some estimates. IT managers countenance a dilemma: how to complete backup and restore operations within shrinking windows of time while too reducing complexity, risk, and cost.
When it comes to protecting data stored in Oracle’s engineered systems, the recently announced Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 addresses these challenges with high-performance streaming throughput and taut integration with Oracle Database that is unavailable to competitors. Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3-BA complements the extreme performance of Oracle’s engineered systems, including Oracle Exadata Database Machine and Oracle SuperCluster, and provides unique functionality by
In addition, Oracle ZFS Storage Appliances profit reduce the risk of failed restores by enhancing availability with dual controllers, predictive self-healing features, and a fault-management architecture that automatically detects and diagnoses underlying problems. To ease management complexity, Oracle ZFS Storage Appliance’s DTrace Analytics feature provides an intuitive graphical user interface with which to monitor and quickly resolve performance bottlenecks during backup and restore operations.
Oracle ZFS Storage ZS3 is equally effectual for Oracle Database installations running on Oracle SPARC T5, M5, and M6 systems, as well as non-Oracle servers.
Get more details about Oracle ZFS Storage Appliances and register for an Oracle webcast that discusses backup and restore for Oracle’s engineered systems
Hybrid storage arrays vs. all-flash arrays: A limited twinkle or a lot? | killexams.com actual questions and Pass4sure dumps
Now that solid-state storage prices occupy dropped, more vendors offer all-flash arrays; but are they really much...better than hybrid storage arrays that merge twinkle with spinning disk?
Comparing technology systems has traditionally relied on a "price-to-performance" analysis that tries to normalize system differences into an apples-to-apples comparison. With respect to storage, the advent of twinkle (solid-state) drives created a situation where IT buyers had to settle between charge and performance. twinkle storage offered blazing speeds, but at a very elevated cost per gigabyte ($/GB). At the other intermission of the spectrum, multi-terabyte hard disk drives (HDDs) are very economical, but with just around 75 raw IOPS per drive there better not subsist much drudgery in the workload if that's where your data is located.
HDDs occupy an edge in $/GB, while twinkle has an edge in $/IOPS.
Hybrid arrays are intended to balance that equation. By adding a thin slice of twinkle storage to an array (i.e., 2% to 5% of total capacity), available IOPS may double and reduce read latency from 10+ milliseconds (ms) down to 3 ms to 5 ms. Even though the twinkle is expensive by itself, an overall 10% to 20% enlarge in array charge to yield a 2X performance gain adds a lot of bang to the buck.
As apt as 3 ms to 5 ms latency sounds, for an increasing number of applications this variability is unacceptable. All-flash arrays can deliver sub-millisecond read latency with a guaranteed attribute of service (QoS). There are no pre-fetch issues with twinkle and no variability between a cached read and a hunt because on twinkle entire I/Os are effectively cache reads. To do it in perspective, improving from 10 ms to 5 ms and then down to 0.5 ms is a 20X performance gain from HDD to all-flash on a latency basis. Although the incompatibility between HDD prices and twinkle has narrowed considerably, most organizations noiseless don't occupy the budget to deploy hundreds of terabytes of it. So, if deploying twinkle technology judiciously is well-known to an organization, knowing where the breakpoints between hybrid and all-flash are will profit managers to produce the best decision.
Price/performance of hybrid storage arrays vs. all-flash arrays
With price-to-performance being the major consideration in storage
purchases, let's examine those two areas first. When it comes to cost,
it's an industry truism that the purchase charge is approximately 20%
of the three-year cost of ownership for conventional HDD arrays.
All-flash storage arrays crash this model, however, partly because the
purchase charge goes up but operating costs travel down. For example,
Nimbus Data, a maker of all-flash arrays, estimates that its arrays
utilize just 8 watts per TB, whereas HDD arrays may utilize 80 watts
per TB. Moreover, Nimbus advises that users can fully populate a rack
with usable space and gain up to 90% utilization without performance
degradation. This offers the potential for less floor space, cooling and
power per TB of storage. High-capacity SATA drives offer gigabyte
density, but won't meet even moderate IOPS or latency requirements.
Given that twinkle is following the downward curve of cache memory,
it's well worth the time to compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) of
all-flash and hybrid storage systems.Hewlett-Packard (HP) Co. offers a different perspective on cost metrics: $/transaction. This metric is reflective of the true business cost, whereas $/GB and $/IOPS reflect purchase cost only. The $/transaction metric can subsist applied irrespective of media type, making a "non-denominational" comparison between techs. High-transaction workloads may actually espy a lower $/transaction on all-flash arrays, whereas lower transaction environments may occupy a lower $/transaction on hybrid storage arrays. Either way, the result is calculable and definitive.
Although it may subsist considered a "soft" cost, IT managers should factor in the value of the user's experience. Justifiably or not, if users perceive an application to subsist slow, they're more likely to occupy a negative perception of the IT organization or provider. It's a bit relish the adage that when airline passengers find coffee stains on their tray tables, they question the attribute of engine maintenance. It may therefore produce sense to disburse a few extra dollars to better the user's perception of quality, especially in this era of IT outsourcing.
Deduplication and compression are staples of nearly entire storage systems and are frequently used to generate a $/GB motif that's much more favorable than those based on raw capacity. However, a cautionary note is in order. Increasingly, deduplication and single-instance storage (SIS) are taking residence at the OS and application layers (i.e., VMware and SIS products for Exchange). Deduplication and compression can't occur twice on the selfsame data, so storage managers may espy less reduction than they anticipate as dedupe moves up the stack.
For the purposes of commercial computing applications, storage performance has been entire about IOPS until very recently. Perhaps this was because storage arrays inherently couldn't guarantee a specific QoS. All-flash arrays change that game, and SolidFire promotes its twinkle arrays squarely as storage QoS delivery vehicles. SolidFire allows IOPS to subsist provisioned on a per-volume basis with minimum, maximum and burst parameters. This throttling, along with dynamic adjustment, gives storage managers an additional mechanism for precisely delivering performance where it's needed. SolidFire too suggests that guaranteed QoS solves the "noisy neighbor" problem. For example, in a typical hybrid array, applications may compete for the twinkle tier of storage based on data access, resulting in oversubscribed twinkle and sub-optimal performance for entire applications. Allocating IOPS to each application specifically solves this problem.
Either or both? Established vendors occupy extended their traditional HDD products to embrace twinkle technology, often with hybrid devices and all-flash units. IBM, EMC Corp., NetApp Inc. and HP each offer an "all of the above" portfolio, though the specific implementations disagree in well-known ways.
IBM has extended its SAN Volume Controller (SVC) virtualization capability to manage "fit for purpose" all-flash devices such as the FlashSystem family or hybrid arrays in its XIV Storage System, Storwize and DS product lines. Because entire devices can subsist managed through SVC, IBM extends the concept of hybrid to not only arrays, but the enterprise storage ecosystem. The intent is to allow ultimate flexibility in deploying both combinations of media, as well as combinations of arrays for scale and performance where needed.
EMC's VMAX can virtualize hybrid and all-flash systems into a unique ecosystem. Its VMAX, VNX, VNXe and Isilon products can too subsist configured as either hybrid or all-flash. Thus, users can enter at any point and evolve the solution as requirements change over time. In addition, the company's XtremIO arrays offer an all-flash solution from the ground up. Because it doesn't necessarily occupy to part its hybrid and all-flash offerings, EMC views the market more horizontally. That is, it can offer traditional HDD arrays to the more budget-conscious buyer, hybrid configurations to those needing more performance and all-flash for situations that require guaranteed QoS. Which product line will subsist recommended is determined by Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS) requirements, with customers needing up to "six nines" of availability choosing VMAX, regardless of hybrid or all-flash provisioning.
HP's 3PAR similarly offers everything from all-HDD to hybrid to twinkle configurations, but with some appealing wrinkles. HP offers both single-level cell and multi-level cell twinkle in the selfsame arrays. The company recommends using the caching layer for writes and the twinkle tier for reads. This builds upon its Adaptive Optimization software that enables sub-LUN tiering. 3PAR's OS has a built-in clustered volume manager and virtual memory implementation that seamlessly virtualizes entire media types, including fresh media.
NetApp offers twinkle across its entire portfolio of FAS, V-series and E-series arrays; the EF540 is an all-flash system. NetApp usually recommends twinkle Pools in its arrays with 1% to 2% of total capacity in flash. The company suggests that typical workloads, such as email, Web serving, app dev and collaboration are best served with hybrid configurations. In these utilize cases, workloads require less than 150,000 IOPS and can tolerate 3 ms to 5 ms of latency. For higher IOPS workloads or where QoS demands sub-ms latency, all-flash is prescribed.
Oracle's ZFS Storage ZS3 are hybrid arrays, but the company says users may gain up to a 90% data hit rate using its flash/DRAM architecture and sub-ms latency on those reads. Moreover, the company touts a significant cost edge over competitive all-flash systems. Thus, users may gain near all-flash performance at a hybrid price. Oracle's Hybrid Storage Pool dynamically and automatically moves data across DRAM, read-flash and write-flash to optimize array performance.
RAID considerations Flash devices need to subsist protected by RAID just relish any other storage media. Although most vendors back conventional RAID techniques for flash, RAID utilize can extract a charge in capacity terms as well as processing overhead just as it does for HDDs. IBM addresses this issue with "variable stripe RAID" in its FlashSystem technology where RAID 5 is built into the twinkle controller. The result is parity-based RAID at line accelerate with the workload distributed across controllers. NetApp deploys Dynamic Disk Pools in its SANtricity (E-series) software that distributes data, parity and spare capacity across drives. NetApp claims this speeds recovery of failed drives while maintaining greater performance. Nimbus uses a RAID 5 algorithm designed to avoid the wear penalty associated with writing to flash.
Some agreement on guidelines Despite differences in architectures, the vendors generally disagree on some hybrid vs. all-flash guidelines. First, if sub-ms or guaranteed QoS is required, then all-flash arrays are the route to go. Or, in the case of Oracle, a hybrid that can deliver near all-flash performance. QoS application candidates involve e-commerce where user suffer is paramount and determination back analysis where time is of the essence. Second, if variable and unpredictable workloads are to subsist serviced, hybrid devices can often serve the need at a lower $/GB. Nimbus, SolidFire and other all-flash vendors may occupy different answers to this rule of thumb that achieve indeed occupy appealing price/performance characteristics and may occupy a $/IOPS advantage. Application candidates in this region involve collaboration, email and anything where data lifecycle issues express that not entire data requires immediate access.
7.2 OpenStack | killexams.com actual questions and Pass4sure dumps
This chapter is from the book A structured implementation of a private cloud would profit from well-defined services, which are consumed by the virtual environments that self-service users deploy. One accepted implementation of those services, along with the management tools necessary to deploy and utilize a private cloud, is OpenStack. The following subsections represent OpenStack briefly, and then discuss the integration of Oracle Solaris and OpenStack.7.2.1 What Is OpenStack? OpenStack is a community-based open-source project to configuration a comprehensive management layer to create and manage private clouds. This project was first undertaken as a joint effort of Rackspace and NASA in 2010, but is now driven by the OpenStack Foundation. Since 2010, OpenStack has been the fastest-growing open-source project on a worldwide basis, with thousands of commercial and individual contributors spread across the globe. The community launches two OpenStack releases per year.
OpenStack can subsist considered an operating system for cloud environments. It provides the foundation for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds. Some fresh modules add features required in Platform as a Service (PaaS) clouds. OpenStack should not subsist viewed as layered software, however, but rather as an integrated infrastructure component. Thus, although the OpenStack community launches OpenStack releases, infrastructure vendors must integrate the open-source components into their own platforms to deliver the OpenStack functionality. Several operating system, network, and storage vendors offer OpenStack-enabled products.
OpenStack abstracts compute, network, and storage resources for the user, with those resources being exposed through a web portal with a unique management pane. This integrated approach enables administrators to easily manage a variety of storage devices and hypervisors. The cloud services are based on a series of OpenStack modules, which communicate through a defined RESTful API between the various modules.
If a vendor plans to offer back for positive OpenStack services in its products, it must implement the functionality of those services and provide access to the functionality through the comfort APIs. This can subsist done by delivering a service plugin, specialized for the product, that fills the gap between the comfort API definition and the existing product feature.
7.2.2 The OpenStack universal Architecture Figure 7.3 depicts the universal architecture of an OpenStack deployment. It consists of services provided by the OpenStack framework, and compute nodes that consume those services. This section describes those services.
Several OpenStack services are used to configuration an OpenStack-based private cloud. The services are interconnected via the comfort APIs and depend on each other. But not entire services are always needed to configuration a cloud, however, and not every vendor delivers entire services. Some services occupy a special purpose and are configured only when appropriate; others are always needed when setting up a private cloud.
Because of the clearly defined comfort APIs, services are extensible. The following list summarizes the core service modules.
OpenStack services occupy been tightly integrated into the technology foundations of Oracle Solaris. The integration of OpenStack and Solaris leveraged many fresh Solaris features that had been designed specifically for cloud environments. Some of the Solaris features integrated into OpenStack include:
All services occupy been integrated into the Solaris Service Management Framework (SMF) to ensure service reliability, automatic service restart, and node dependency management. SMF properties enable additional configuration options. Oracle Solaris Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) ensures that the OpenStack services, represented by their corresponding SMF services, rush with minimal privileges.
The OpenStack modules are delivered in part Oracle Solaris packages, as shown in this specimen generated in Solaris 11.3:
# pkg list -af | grep openstack cloud/openstack 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/cinder 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/glance 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/heat 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/horizon 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/ironic 0.2015.2.1-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/keystone 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/neutron 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/nova 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/openstack-common 0.2015.2.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- cloud/openstack/swift 2.3.2-0.175.3.9.0.2.0 i-- To easily install the total OpenStack distribution on a system, the cloud/openstack group package may subsist installed. It automatically installs entire of the relative OpenStack modules and libraries, plus additional packages such as rad, rabbitmq, and mysql.
The integration of OpenStack with the Solaris Image Packaging System (IPS) greatly simplifies updates of OpenStack on a cloud node, through the utilize of replete package dependency checking and rollback. This was accomplished through integration with ZFS boot environments. Through a unique update mechanism, an administrator can easily apply the latest software fixes to a system, including the virtual environments.
7.2.4 Compute Virtualization with Solaris Zones and Solaris Kernel Zones Oracle Solaris Zones and Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones are used for OpenStack compute functionality. They provide excellent environments for application workloads and are fleet and easy to provision in a cloud environment.
The life cycle of Solaris Zones as compute instances in an OpenStack cloud is controlled by the Solaris Nova driver for Solaris Zones. The instances are deployed by using the Nova command-line interface or by using the Horizon dashboard. To launch an instance, the cloud user selects a flavor, a Glance image, and a Neutron network. Figures 7.5 and 7.6 prove the flavors available with Oracle Solaris OpenStack and the launch screen for an OpenStack instance.
Figure 7.6 OpenStack Instance Launch ScreenOracle Solaris options specify the creation of a Solaris autochthonous zone or a Solaris kernel zone. Those special properties are assigned as extra_specs, which are typically set through the command line. The property’s keys comprise a set of zone properties that are typically configured with the zonecfg command and that are supported in OpenStack.
The following keys are supported in both kernel zones and non-global zone flavors:
+----+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ID | denomination | extra_specs | +----+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 1 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - tiny | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 10 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - xlarge | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 2 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - wee | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 3 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - medium | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 4 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - great | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 5 | Oracle Solaris kernel zone - xlarge | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris-kz'} | | 6 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - tiny | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 7 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - wee | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 8 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - medium | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | | 9 | Oracle Solaris non-global zone - great | {u'zonecfg:brand': u'solaris'} | The sc_profile key can subsist modified only from the command line. This key is used to specify a system configuration profile for the flavor—for example, to preassign DNS or other system configurations to each flavor. For example, the following command will set a specific system configuration file for a flavor in the previously given list (i.e., “Oracle Solaris kernel zone – large”):
$ nova flavor-key 4 set sc_profile=/system/volatile/profile/sc_profile.xml Launching an instance initiates the following actions in an OpenStack environment:
compute-node # zonecfg -z instance-00000008 info zonename: instance-00000008 brand: solaris tenant: 740885068ed745c492e55c9e1c688472 anet: linkname: net0 configure-allowed-address: false evs: a6365a98-7be1-42ec-88af-b84fa151b5a0 vport: 8292e26a-5063-4bbb-87aa-7f3d51ff75c0 rootzpool: storage: iscsi://st01-sn:3260/target.iqn.1986-03.com.sun:02:... capped-cpu: [ncpus: 1.00] capped-memory: [swap: 1G] rctl: name: zone.cpu-cap value: (priv=privileged,limit=100,action=deny) rctl: name: zone.max-swap value: (priv=privileged,limit=1073741824,action=deny) 7.2.5 Cloud Networking with Elastic Virtual Switch OpenStack networking creates virtual networks that interconnect VEs instantiated by the OpenStack compute node (Nova). It too connects these VEs to network services in the cloud, such as DHCP and routing. Neutron provides APIs to create and utilize multiple networks and to apportion multiple VEs to networks, which are themselves assigned to different tenants. Each network tenant is represented in the network layer via an isolated Layer 2 network segment—comparable to VLANs in physical networks. motif 7.7 shows the relationships among these components.
Subnets are properties that are assigned much relish blocks of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses—that is, default-router or nameserver. Neutron creates ports in these subnets and assigns them together with several properties to virtual machines. The L3-router functionality of Neutron interconnects tenant networks to external networks and enables VEs to access the Internet through source NAT. Floating IP addresses create a static one-to-one mapping from a public IP address on the external network to a private IP address in the cloud, assigned to one VE.
Oracle Solaris Zones and Oracle Solaris Kernel Zones, as OpenStack instances, utilize the Solaris VNIC technology to connect to the tenant networks. entire VNICs are bound with virtual network switches to physical network interfaces. If multiple tenants utilize one physical interface, then multiple virtual switches are created above that physical interface.
If multiple compute nodes occupy been deployed in one cloud and multiple tenants are used, virtual switches from the selfsame tenant are spread over multiple compute nodes, as shown in motif 7.8.
A technology is needed to control these distributed switches as one switch. The virtual networks can subsist created by, for example, VXLAN or VLAN. In the case of Oracle Solaris, the Solaris Elastic Virtual Switch (EVS) feature is used to control the distributed virtual switches. The back-end to OpenStack uses a Neutron plugin.
Finally, EVS is controlled by a Neutron plugin so that it offers an API to the cloud. In each compute node, the virtual switches are controlled by an EVS plugin to configuration a distributed switch for multiple tenants.
7.2.6 Cloud Storage with ZFS and COMSTAR The OpenStack Cinder service provides central management for obscure storage volumes as boot storage and for application data. To create a volume, the Cinder scheduler selects a storage back-end, based on storage size and storage nature requirements, and the Cinder volume service controls the volume creation. The Cinder API then sends the necessary access information back to the cloud.
Different types of storage can subsist used to provide storage to the cloud, such as FibreChannel, iSCSI, NFS, or the local disks of the compute nodes. The nature used depends on the storage requirements. These requirements involve characteristics such as capacity, throughput, latency and availability, and requirements for local storage or shared storage. Shared storage is required if migration of OpenStack instances between compute nodes is needed. Local storage may often subsist enough for short-term, ephemeral data. The cloud user is not vigilant of the storage technology that has been chosen, because the Cinder volume service represents the storage simply as a nature of storage, not as a specific storage product model.
The Cinder volume service is configured to utilize an OpenStack storage plugin, which knows the specifics of a storage device. specimen characteristics involve the routine to create a Cinder volume, and a routine to access the data.
Multiple Cinder storage plugins are available for Oracle Solaris, which are based on ZFS to provide volumes to the OpenStack instances:
7.2.7 Sample Deployment Options The functional enablement of Oracle Solaris for OpenStack is based on two main precepts. The first aspect is the availability and back of the OpenStack API with various software libraries and plugins in Oracle Solaris. The second aspect is the creation and integration of OpenStack plugins to enable specific Oracle Solaris functions in OpenStack. As discussed earlier, those plugins occupy been developed and provided for Cinder, Neutron, and Nova, as well as for Ironic.
Deploying an OpenStack-based private cloud with OpenStack for Oracle Solaris is similar to the setup of other OpenStack-based platforms.
7.2.8 Single-System Prototype Environment You can demonstrate an OpenStack environment in a unique system. In this case, a unique network is used, or multiple networks are created using etherstubs, to configuration the internal network of the cloud. “Compute nodes” can then subsist instantiated as kernel zones. However, if you utilize kernel zones as compute nodes, then OpenStack instances can subsist only non-global zones. This selection does not permit application of several features, including Nova migration. This single-node setup can subsist implemented very easily with Oracle Solaris, using a Unified Archive of a comprehensive OpenStack installation.
Such single-system setups are typically implemented so that users can become intimate with OpenStack or to create very wee prototypes. Almost entire production deployments will utilize multiple computers to achieve the availability goals of a cloud.
There is one exception to this guideline: A SPARC system running Oracle Solaris (e.g., SPARC T7-4) can subsist configured as a multinode environment, using multiple analytic domains, connected with internal virtual networks. The result is noiseless a unique physical system, which includes multiple isolated Solaris instances, but is represented relish a multinode cloud.
7.2.9 Simple Multinode Environment Creating a multinode OpenStack cloud increases the choices available in entire parts of the universal cloud architecture. The architect makes the determination between one unified network or part networks when choosing the design for the cloud network, the internal network, and the storage network. Alternatively, those networks might not subsist unique networks, but rather networks with redundancy features such as IPMP, DLMP, LACP, or MPXIO. entire of these technologies are fragment of Oracle Solaris and can subsist selected to create the network architecture of the cloud.
Another well-known determination to subsist made is how to connect the cloud to the public or corporate network. The universal architecture described earlier shows a controlled cloud access through a centralized network node. While this setup enforces centralized access to the cloud via a network node, it can too lead to complicated availability or throughput limitations. An alternative setup is a flat cloud, shown in motif 7.10, in which the compute nodes are directly connected to the public network, so that no unique access point limits throughput or availability. It is the responsibility of the cloud architect to settle which option is the most arrogate choice.
For the compute nodes, the determination can subsist made between SPARC nodes (SPARC T5, T7, S7, M7, or M10 servers), x86_64 nodes, or a mixed-node cloud that combines both architectures. Oracle Solaris OpenStack will wield both processor architectures in one cloud. Typically, compute nodes with 1 or 2 sockets with medium memory capacity (512 GB) are chosen. More generally, by using SPARC systems, compute nodes ranging from very wee to very great in size can subsist combined in one cloud without any special configuration efforts.
The cloud storage is typically shared storage. In a shared storage architecture, disks storing the running instances are located outside the compute nodes. Cloud instances can then subsist easily recovered with migration or evacuation, in case of compute node downtime. Using shared storage is operationally simple because having part compute hosts and storage makes the compute nodes “stateless.” Thus, if there are no instances running on a compute node, that node can subsist taken offline and its contents erased completely without affecting the remaining parts of the cloud. This nature of storage can subsist scaled to any amount of storage. Storage decisions can subsist made based on performance, cost, and availability. Among the choices are an Oracle ZFS storage appliance, shared storage through a Solaris node as iSCSI or FC target server, or shared storage through a FibreChannel SAN storage system.
To utilize local storage, each compute node’s internal disks store entire data of the instances that the node hosts. Direct access to disks is very cost-effective, because there is no need to maintain a part storage network. The disk performance on each compute node is directly related to the number and performance of existing local disks. The chassis size of the compute node will circumscribe the number of spindles able to subsist used in a compute node. However, if a compute node fails, the instances on it cannot subsist recovered. Also, there is no routine to migrate instances. This omission can subsist a major issue for cloud services that create persistent data. Other cloud services, however, discharge processing services without storing any local data, in which case no local persistent data is created.
The cloud control plane, implemented as an OpenStack controller, can consist of one or more systems. With Oracle Solaris, typically the OpenStack controller is created in kernel zones for modular setups. Scalability on the controller site can then subsist achieved just by adding another kernel zone. The OpenStack control services can entire subsist combined in one kernel zone. For scalability and reliability reasons, the services can subsist grouped into part kernel zones, providing the following services:
7.2.10 OpenStack Summary Running OpenStack on Oracle Solaris provides many advantages. A complete OpenStack distribution is fragment of the Oracle Solaris Repository and, therefore, is available for Oracle Solaris without any additional cost. The taut integration of the comprehensive virtualization features for compute and networking—Solaris Zones, virtual NICs and switches, and the Elastic Virtual Switch—in Oracle Solaris provide significant value not establish in other OpenStack implementations. The integration of OpenStack with Oracle Solaris leverages the Image Packaging System, ZFS boot environments, and the Service Management Facility. As a consequence, an administrator can quickly start an update of the cloud environment, and can quickly update each service and node in a unique operation.
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Exin [40 Certification Exam(s) ]
ExtremeNetworks [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
F5-Networks [20 Certification Exam(s) ]
FCTC [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Filemaker [9 Certification Exam(s) ]
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Fortinet [13 Certification Exam(s) ]
Foundry [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
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GAQM [9 Certification Exam(s) ]
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Google [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
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Hyperion [10 Certification Exam(s) ]
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Intel [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
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ISC2 [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
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Isilon [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
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Juniper [65 Certification Exam(s) ]
LEED [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Legato [5 Certification Exam(s) ]
Liferay [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Logical-Operations [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Lotus [66 Certification Exam(s) ]
LPI [24 Certification Exam(s) ]
LSI [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Magento [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Maintenance [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
McAfee [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
McData [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Medical [69 Certification Exam(s) ]
Microsoft [375 Certification Exam(s) ]
Mile2 [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Military [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Misc [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Motorola [7 Certification Exam(s) ]
mySQL [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
NBSTSA [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
NCEES [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
NCIDQ [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
NCLEX [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Network-General [12 Certification Exam(s) ]
NetworkAppliance [39 Certification Exam(s) ]
NI [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
NIELIT [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Nokia [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
Nortel [130 Certification Exam(s) ]
Novell [37 Certification Exam(s) ]
OMG [10 Certification Exam(s) ]
Oracle [282 Certification Exam(s) ]
P&C [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Palo-Alto [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
PARCC [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
PayPal [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Pegasystems [12 Certification Exam(s) ]
PEOPLECERT [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
PMI [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
Polycom [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
PostgreSQL-CE [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Prince2 [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
PRMIA [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
PsychCorp [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
PTCB [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
QAI [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
QlikView [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Quality-Assurance [7 Certification Exam(s) ]
RACC [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Real-Estate [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
RedHat [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
RES [5 Certification Exam(s) ]
Riverbed [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
RSA [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
Sair [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
Salesforce [5 Certification Exam(s) ]
SANS [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
SAP [98 Certification Exam(s) ]
SASInstitute [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
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See-Beyond [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Siemens [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
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SOA [15 Certification Exam(s) ]
Social-Work-Board [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
SpringSource [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
SUN [63 Certification Exam(s) ]
SUSE [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
Sybase [17 Certification Exam(s) ]
Symantec [135 Certification Exam(s) ]
Teacher-Certification [4 Certification Exam(s) ]
The-Open-Group [8 Certification Exam(s) ]
TIA [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Tibco [18 Certification Exam(s) ]
Trainers [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Trend [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
TruSecure [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
USMLE [1 Certification Exam(s) ]
VCE [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
Veeam [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Veritas [33 Certification Exam(s) ]
Vmware [58 Certification Exam(s) ]
Wonderlic [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
Worldatwork [2 Certification Exam(s) ]
XML-Master [3 Certification Exam(s) ]
Zend [6 Certification Exam(s) ]
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